Classification of missile.
Missiles are generally classidied on basis of their Type,Launch Mode,Range,Propulsion, Warhead and Guidance System..
TYPE
1. Cruise missiles : A cruise Missile is an Unmanned self-propelled (till the time of impact ) guided vehicle ...( means a missile with driver ) Cruise missiles Classified upon its Speed (1) subsonic cruise missile {NIrbhay} (2) supersonic missile {Brahmos-1} (3) hypersonic missile {Brahmos-2}.
2. Ballistic missile : A ballistic missile is a missile that has a ballistic tractory ( like you throw a stone in air ) over most of
its flight path. ballistic missile carry huge payload compare to cruise missile.prithvi,agni,dhanu
india .
3. Quasi ballistic missiles : A quasi ballistic missile (also called a semi ballistic missile) is a category of missile that has a low trajectory and/or is largely ballistic but can perform maneuvers in flight or make unexpected changes in direction and
range India's Shaurya missile termed as Quasi Ballistic missile..
LAUNCH MODE :
1. Surface to Surface Missile : A surface-to-surface missile (SSM) or ground-to-ground missile (GGM or GTGM) is a missile
designed to be launched from the ground or the sea and strike targets on land or at sea.{ prithvi agni shaurya dhanush}
2. Surface to air missile : A surface-to-air missile (SAM), or ground-to-air missile (GTAM), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-aircraft system. { aakash etc } (India owns the largest amount of anti aircraft wepons in the world)
3. Surface (Coast) To Sea missile : A surface to sea missiles is designed to be launched from land to ship in the sea as target { brahmos }
4. Air to Air missile : An air to air missile is launched from an aircraft to destroy the enemy aircrafts. the missile flies as a
very high speed mostly over mach 3 .
5. Air to Surface missile : An air to surface missile is designed for launch from aircraft and strikes targets on ground or sea.{brahmos etc.}
6. Sea to Sea Missile : A sea to sea missiles is designed for launch from one ship to another ship . {brahmos,klub etc.}
7. Sea to surface(coast) missile : A sea to surface missile is designed for launch from ship to land based targets { dhanush
,brahmos }
8. Anti Tank Missile : An anti tank missile is a guided missile primerily designed to hit and destroy heavily armoured tanks and other armoured fighting vehicle..{india has largest number of anti tank missiles}
RANGE :
1. Short range Missile : Range 1,000 km or less { prithvi agni 1 etc.}
2. Medium Range Missile: Range between 1,000 km and 3,500 km {agni-2 etc. }
3. Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile or long-range ballistic missile (LRBM): Range between 3,500 km and 5,500 km {agni-3 agni-4}
4. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile :Range greater than 5500 km {agni-5}
PROPULSION :
1. Solid Propulsion : Solid fuel is used in solid propulsion . Solid propulsion has the advantage of being easily stored and can be handled in fuelled condition. It can reach very high speeds quickly..
2. Liquid Propulsion : The liquid propulsion technology uses liquid as fuel , the storege of missile with liquid fuel is very difficult and complex In addition preparation of missile takes considerable time then solid fuel missile. liquid fuel gives high
specific impulse as compared to solid fuel.
3. Hybrid Propulsion : There are two stage in hybrid propulsion solid and liquid propulsion this kind of propulsion compensates the disadvanges of both propulsion system and has combined advantages of the two .
4. Ramjet : A Ramjet engine does not have any turbines unlike turbojet engines.The Ramjet engine operates at particular speed of vehicle where compression of incoming air at inlet is possible..the air is slowed down by the shape of inlet and diffuser body inside..the compression of air along injection and combustion of fuel inside the engine increases temperature of air.The exhaust air through Nozzles create a forward motion where thrust overcomes the Drag.Thrust in simple terms is force that accelerate body in air while Drag is air resistance Experienced..
5. Scarmjet : Scarmjet is an acronym for supersonic Combustion Ramjet the diffarance between scarmjet and ramjet is that
the combustion takes place at supersonic air velocities through the engine..
6. Cryogenic : Cryogenic propellants are liquefied gases stored at very low temperatures most frequently liquid hydrogen as
the fuel and liquid oxygen as the oxidizer ..
WARHEAD :
1. Conventional : A conventional warhead contains high energy explosives. it is filled with chemical explosive and relies on
the detonation of the explosive and the resulting metal casing fragments as kill mechanisms.
2. Strategic : In a strategic warhead { mostly nuclear } radio active materials are present and when triggerd they exibit
huge radio activity that can wipe out even cities they are designed for mass annihilation ...
GUIDANCE SYSTEM :
1. Wire Guidance : This system is broadly similar to radio command but is less susceptible to electronic counter measures.
the command signals are passed along a wire (or wires) dispensed from the missile after launch.
2. Command Guidance : Command guidance is a type of missile guidance in which a ground station or aircraft relay signals
to a guided missile via radio (or possibly through a wire connecting the missile to the launcher) and tell the missile where to steer in order to intercept its target.
3. Terrain comparison Guidance : Terrain Contour Matching, or TERCOM, is a navigation system used primarily by cruise missiles. It uses a pre-recorded contour map of the terrain that is compared to measurements made during flight by an on-board radar altimeter. A TERCOM system considerably increases the accuracy of a missile compared to inertial navigation systems (INS). The increased accuracy allows a TERCOM-equipped missile to fly closer to obstacles and generally lower altitudes, making it harder to detect by ground radar.
4. Terrestrial Guidance : This system constantly measures star angles and compares them with the pre-programmed angles expected on the missiles intended tractory . The guidance system directs the control system whenever and alteration trajectory is required.
5. Inertial Guidance : An inertial navigation system (INS) is a navigation aid that uses a computer, motion sensors (accelerometers) and rotation sensors (gyroscopes) to continuously calculate via dead reckoning the position, orientation,
and velocity (direction and speed of movement) of a moving object without the need for external references.
6. Beam Rider Guidance : The beam rider concept relies on an external ground or ship-based radar station that transmits a
beam of radar energy towards the target . The surface radar tracks the target and also transmits a guidance beam that
adjust its angle as the target moves across the sky.
7. Laser Guidance : Laser guidance is a technique of guiding a missile or other projectile or vehicle to a target by means of
a laser beam. Some laser guided systems utilise beam riding guidance, but most operate more similarly to semi-active radar
homing (SARH). This technique is sometimes called SALH, for Semi-Active Laser Homing. With this technique, a laser is kept
pointed at the target and the laser radiation bounces off the target and is scattered in all directions (this is known as “painting the target”, or “laser painting”)
8. RF and GPS Reference : RF (Radio Frequency) and GPS (globle Positioning System) are the examples of technologies that are used in missiles guidance systems. A missile uses GPS signal to determine the location of the target. Over the course of its flight,the weapon uses this information to send command to control surface and adjusts its trajectory.In RF reference the missile uses RF waves to locate the target...
